Oh Brother Where Art Thou Kkk Scene
2000 film by Ethan and Joel Coen
| O Brother, Where Art Thou? | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Joel Coen |
| Written by |
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| Based on | The Odyssey by Homer |
| Produced by | Ethan Coen |
| Starring |
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| Cinematography | Roger Deakins |
| Edited by |
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| Music by | T Bone Burnett |
| Production |
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| Distributed by |
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| Release date |
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| Running time | 107 minutes |
| Countries |
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| Language | English |
| Budget | $26 million[9] |
| Box office | $72 million[7] |
O Brother, Where Art Thou? is a 2000 crime comedy-drama film written, produced, co-edited and directed by Joel and Ethan Coen, and starring George Clooney, John Turturro, and Tim Blake Nelson, with Chris Thomas King, John Goodman, Holly Hunter, and Charles Durning in supporting roles.
The film is set in 1937 rural Mississippi during the Great Depression. Its story is a modern satire loosely based on Homer's epic Greek poem The Odyssey that incorporates social features of the American South.[10] The title of the film is a reference to the Preston Sturges 1941 film Sullivan's Travels, in which the protagonist is a director who wants to film O Brother, Where Art Thou?, a fictitious book about the Great Depression.[11]
Much of the music used in the film is period folk music.[12] The movie was one of the first to extensively use digital color correction to give the film an autumnal, sepia-tinted look.[13] Released by Buena Vista Pictures (through Touchstone Pictures) in North America, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain and by Universal Pictures in other countries, the film met with a positive critical reception, and the soundtrack won a Grammy Award for Album of the Year in 2002.[14] The country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film included John Hartford, Alison Krauss, Dan Tyminski, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Ralph Stanley, Chris Sharp, Patty Loveless, and others. They joined to perform the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour which was filmed for consumer consumption via TV and DVD.[12] [15]
Plot [edit]
Three convicts, Ulysses Everett McGill, Pete, and Delmar O'Donnell, escape from a chain gang and set out to retrieve a supposed treasure Everett buried before the area is flooded to make a lake. The three get a lift from a blind man driving a handcar on a railway. He tells them, among other prophecies, that they will find a fortune but not the one they seek. The trio make their way to the house of Wash, Pete's cousin. They sleep in the barn, but Wash reports them to Sheriff Cooley, who, along with his men, torches the barn. Wash's son helps them escape.
They pick up Tommy Johnson, a young black man, who claims he sold his soul to the devil in exchange for the ability to play guitar. In need of money, the four stop at a radio broadcast tower where they record a song as The Soggy Bottom Boys. That night, the trio part ways with Tommy after their car is discovered by the police. Unbeknownst to them, the recording becomes a major hit.
Near a river, the group hears singing. They see three women washing clothes and singing. The women drug them with corn whiskey and they lose consciousness. Upon waking, Delmar finds Pete's clothes lying next to him, empty except for a toad. Delmar is convinced the women were Sirens and transformed Pete into the toad. Later, one-eyed Bible salesman Big Dan Teague invites them for a picnic lunch, then mugs them and kills the toad.
On their way to Everett's home town, Everett and Delmar see Pete working on a chain gang. Upon arriving Everett confronts his wife Penny, who changed her last name and told his daughters he was dead. He gets into a fight with Vernon T. Waldrip, her new "suitor." Later that night, they sneak into Pete's holding cell and free him. As it turns out, the women had dragged Pete away and turned him in to the authorities. Under torture, Pete gave away the treasure's location to the police. Everett then confesses that there is no treasure. He made it up to convince the guys he was chained with to escape with him in order to stop his wife from getting married. Pete is enraged at Everett, because he had two weeks left on his original sentence, and must serve fifty more years for the escape.
The trio stumble upon a rally of the Ku Klux Klan, who are planning to hang Tommy. The trio disguise themselves as Klansmen and attempt to rescue Tommy. However, Big Dan, a Klan member, reveals their identities. Chaos ensues, and the Grand Wizard reveals himself as Homer Stokes, a candidate in the upcoming gubernatorial election. The trio rush Tommy away and cut the supports of a large burning cross, leaving it to fall on Big Dan.
Everett convinces Pete, Delmar and Tommy to help him win his wife back. They sneak into a Stokes campaign gala dinner she is attending, disguised as musicians. The group begins a performance of their radio hit. The crowd recognizes the song and goes wild. Homer recognizes them as the group who humiliated his mob. When he demands the group be arrested and reveals his white supremacist views, the crowd runs him out of town on a rail. Pappy O'Daniel, the incumbent candidate, seizes the opportunity, endorses the Soggy Bottom Boys and grants them full pardons. Penny agrees to marry Everett with the condition that he find her original ring.
The next morning, the group sets out to retrieve the ring, which is at a cabin in the valley which Everett had earlier claimed was the location of his treasure. The police, having learned of the place from Pete, arrest the group. Dismissing their claims of having received pardons, Sheriff Cooley orders them hanged. Just as Everett prays to God, the valley is flooded and they are saved. Tommy finds the ring in a desk that floats by, and they return to town. However, when Everett presents the ring to Penny, it turns out it was not her ring, she doesn't want that one, and she can't remember where she put the real ring.
Cast [edit]
- George Clooney as Ulysses Everett McGill. He corresponds to Odysseus (Ulysses) in the Odyssey.[16]
- John Turturro as Pete. (His last name is never stated in the film) Along with Delmar, Pete represents Odysseus' soldiers who wander with him from Troy to Ithaca, seeking to return home.
- Tim Blake Nelson as Delmar O'Donnell.
- Chris Thomas King as Tommy Johnson, a skilled blues musician. He shares his name and story with Tommy Johnson, a blues musician who is said to have sold his soul to the devil at the Crossroads (also attributed to Robert Johnson).[17] [18]
- Frank Collison as Washington Bartholomew "Wash" Hogwallop, Pete's cousin.
- John Goodman as Daniel "Big Dan" Teague, a one-eyed mugger and Ku Klux Klan member who masquerades as a Bible salesman. He corresponds to the cyclops Polyphemus in the Odyssey.[16]
- Holly Hunter as Penny Wharvey-McGill, Everett's ex-wife. She corresponds to Penelope in the Odyssey.[16]
- Charles Durning as Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the governor of Mississippi. The character is based on Texas governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel.[19] He shares a name with Menelaus, an Odyssey character, but corresponds with Zeus from the narrative.[16]
- Daniel von Bargen as Sheriff Cooley, a ruthless rural sheriff who pursues the trio for the duration of the film. He corresponds to Poseidon in the Odyssey.[16] He has been compared to Boss Godfrey in Cool Hand Luke.[20]
- Wayne Duvall as Homer Stokes, a candidate for governor and the leader of a Ku Klux Klan mob.
- Ray McKinnon as Vernon T. Waldrip. He corresponds to the Suitors of Penelope in the Odyssey.[16]
- Michael Badalucco as Baby Face Nelson.
- Stephen Root as Mr. Lund, a blind radio station manager. He corresponds to Homer.[16]
- Lee Weaver as the Blind Seer, who accurately predicts the outcome of the trio's adventure. He corresponds to Tiresias in the Odyssey.[16]
- Mia Tate, Musetta Vander and Christy Taylor as the three "Sirens".
Gillian Welch, who contributed to the soundtrack, appears as a record store customer asking for a copy of the Soggy Bottom Boys' record.
Production [edit]
The idea of O Brother, Where Art Thou? arose spontaneously. Work on the script began in December 1997, long before the start of production, and was at least half-written by May 1998. Despite the fact that Ethan Coen described the Odyssey as "one of my favorite storyline schemes", neither of the brothers had read the epic, and they were only familiar with its content through adaptations and numerous references to the Odyssey in popular culture.[21] According to the brothers, Tim Blake Nelson (who has a degree in classics from Brown University)[22] [23] was the only person on the set who had read the Odyssey.[24]
The title of the film is a reference to the 1941 Preston Sturges film Sullivan's Travels, in which the protagonist (a director) wants to direct a film about the Great Depression called O Brother, Where Art Thou? [11] that will be a "commentary on modern conditions, stark realism, and the problems that confront the average man". Lacking any experience in this area, the director sets out on a journey to experience the human suffering of the average man but is sabotaged by his anxious studio. The film has some similarity in tone to Sturges's film, including scenes with prison gangs and a black church choir. The prisoners at the picture show scene is also a direct homage to a nearly identical scene in Sturges's film.[25]
Joel Coen revealed in a 2000 interview that he traveled to Phoenix to offer the lead role to Clooney. Clooney agreed to do the role immediately, without reading the script. He stated that he liked even the Coens' least successful films.[26] Clooney did not immediately understand his character and sent the script to his uncle Jack, who lived in Kentucky, asking him to read the entire script into a tape recorder.[27] Unknown to Clooney, in his recording, Jack, a devout Baptist, omitted all instances of the words "damn" and "hell" from the Coens' script, which only became known to Clooney after the directors pointed this out to him during shooting.[27]
This was the fourth film of the brothers in which John Turturro has starred. Other actors in O Brother, Where Art Thou? who had worked previously with the Coens include John Goodman (three films), Holly Hunter (two), Charles Durning (two) and Michael Badalucco (one).
The Coens used digital color correction to give the film a sepia-tinted look.[13] Joel stated this was because the actual set was "greener than Ireland".[27] Cinematographer Roger Deakins stated, "Ethan and Joel favored a dry, dusty Delta look with golden sunsets. They wanted it to look like an old hand-tinted picture, with the intensity of colors dictated by the scene and natural skin tones that were all shades of the rainbow."[28] Initially the crew tried to perform the color correction using a physical process, however after several tries with various chemical processes proved unsatisfactory, it became necessary to perform the process digitally.[27]
This was the fifth film collaboration between the Coen Brothers and Deakins, and it was slated to be shot in Mississippi at a time of year when the foliage, grass, trees, and bushes would be a lush green.[28] It was filmed near locations in Canton, Mississippi, and Florence, South Carolina, in the summer of 1999.[29] After shooting tests, including film bipack and bleach bypass techniques, Deakins suggested digital mastering be used.[28] Deakins spent 11 weeks fine-tuning the look, mainly targeting the greens, making them a burnt yellow and desaturating the overall image in the digital files.[13] This made it the first feature film to be entirely color corrected by digital means, narrowly beating Nick Park's Chicken Run.[13]
O Brother, Where Art Thou? was the first time a digital intermediate was used on the entirety of a first-run Hollywood film that otherwise had very few visual effects. The work was done in Los Angeles by Cinesite using a Spirit DataCine for scanning at 2K resolution, a Pandora MegaDef to adjust the color, and a Kodak Lightning II recorder to put out to film.[30]
A major theme of the film is the connection between old-time music and political campaigning in the Southern U.S. It makes reference to the traditions, institutions, and campaign practices of bossism and political reform that defined Southern politics in the first half of the 20th century.
The Ku Klux Klan, at the time a political force of white populism, is depicted burning crosses and engaging in ceremonial dance. The character Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel, the governor of Mississippi and host of the radio show The Flour Hour, is similar in name and demeanor to W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel,[31] one-time Governor of Texas and later U.S. Senator from that state.[32] O'Daniel was in the flour business, and used a backing band called the Light Crust Doughboys on his radio show.[33] In one campaign, O'Daniel carried a broom, an oft-used campaign device in the reform era, promising to sweep away patronage and corruption.[34] His theme song had the hook, "Please pass the biscuits, Pappy", emphasizing his connection with flour.[33]
While the film borrows from historical politics, differences are obvious between the characters in the film and historical political figures. The O'Daniel of the movie used "You Are My Sunshine" as his theme song (which was originally recorded by singer and Governor of Louisiana James Houston "Jimmie" Davis[35]), and Homer Stokes, as the challenger to the incumbent O'Daniel, portrays himself as the "reform candidate", using a broom as a prop.
Music [edit]
Music was originally conceived as a major component of the film, not merely as a background or a support. Producer and musician T Bone Burnett worked with the Coens while the script was still in its working phases and the soundtrack was recorded before filming commenced.[36]
Much of the music used in the film is period-specific folk music.[12] The musical selection also includes religious music, including Primitive Baptist and traditional African American gospel, most notably the Fairfield Four, an a cappella quartet with a career extending back to 1921 who appear in the soundtrack and as gravediggers towards the film's end. Selected songs in the film reflect the possible spectrum of musical styles typical of the old culture of the American South: gospel, delta blues, country, swing and bluegrass.[24] [37]
The use of dirges and other macabre songs is a theme that often recurs in Appalachian music[38] ("O Death", "Lonesome Valley", "Angel Band", "I Am Weary") in contrast to bright, cheerful songs ("Keep On the Sunny Side", "In the Highways") in other parts of the film.
The voices of the Soggy Bottom Boys were provided by Dan Tyminski (lead vocal on "Man of Constant Sorrow"), Nashville songwriter Harley Allen, and the Nashville Bluegrass Band's Pat Enright.[39] The three won a CMA Award for Single of the Year[39] and a Grammy Award for Best Country Collaboration with Vocals, both for the song "Man of Constant Sorrow".[14] Tim Blake Nelson sang the lead vocal on "In the Jailhouse Now".[11]
"Man of Constant Sorrow" has five variations: two are used in the film, one in the music video, and two in the soundtrack album. Two of the variations feature the verses being sung back-to-back, and the other three variations feature additional music between each verse.[40] Though the song received little significant radio airplay, it reached #35 on the U.S. Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in 2002.[36] [41] The version of "I'll Fly Away" heard in the film is performed not by Krauss and Welch (as it is on the CD and concert tour), but by the Kossoy Sisters with Erik Darling accompanying on long-neck five-string banjo, recorded in 1956 for the album Bowling Green on Tradition Records.[42]
Release [edit]
The film premiered at the AFI Film Festival on October 19, 2000, and the United States on December 22, 2000.[2] It grossed $71,868,327 worldwide off its $26 million budget.[7] [9]
Critical reception [edit]
Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gives it a score of 78% based on 154 reviews and an average score of 7.12/10. The consensus reads: "Though not as good as Coen brothers' classics such as Blood Simple, the delightfully loopy O Brother, Where Art Thou? is still a lot of fun."[43] The film holds an average score of 69/100 on Metacritic based on 30 reviews.[44]
Roger Ebert gave two and a half out of four stars to the film, saying all the scenes in the film were "wonderful in their different ways, and yet I left the movie uncertain and unsatisfied".[45]
Accolades [edit]
The film was selected into the main competition of the 2000 Cannes Film Festival.[8]
| Award | Date of ceremony | Category | Recipient(s) | Result | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Academy Awards | March 25, 2001 | Best Adapted Screenplay | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | [46] |
| Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |||
| BAFTA Awards | February 25, 2001 | Best Screenplay – Original | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |||
| Best Production Design | Dennis Gassner | Nominated | |||
| American Cinema Editors | 2001 | Best Edited Feature Film – Comedy or Musical | Ethan Coen Tricia Cooke | Nominated | |
| American Comedy Awards | 2001 | Funniest Actor in a Motion Picture (Leading Role) | George Clooney | Nominated | |
| American Society of Cinematographers | 2001 | Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Theatrical Releases | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |
| Awards Circuit Community Awards | 2000 | Best Adapted Screenplay | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Best Cast Ensemble | George Clooney John Turturro Tim Blake Nelson Charles Durning Michael Badalucco John Goodman Holly Hunter | Nominated | |||
| Best Art Direction | Dennis Gassner | Nominated | |||
| Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |||
| Best Costume Design | Mary Zophres | Nominated | |||
| BMI Film & TV Awards | 2002 | Special Citation | T Bone Burnett | Won | |
| British Society of Cinematographers | 2001 | Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Won | |
| Cannes Film Festival | 2000 | Palme d'Or | Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Chicago Film Critics Association Awards | 2001 | Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |
| Best Original Score | Carter Burwell T Bone Burnett | Nominated | |||
| Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Awards | 2001 | Best Picture | O Brother Where Art Thou? | Nominated | |
| Best Director | Joel Coen | Nominated | |||
| Empire Awards | 2001 | Best Actor | George Clooney | Nominated | |
| European Film Awards | 2000 | Screen International Award (USA) | Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Faro Island Film Festival | 2000 | Best Film | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Florida Film Critics Circle Awards | 2001 | Best Soundtrack and Score | Carter Burwell T Bone Burnett | Won | |
| Golden Globes | January 21, 2001 | Best Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical | O Brother Where Art Thou? | Nominated | [47] |
| Best Performance by an Actor in a Motion Picture – Comedy or Musical | George Clooney | Won | |||
| Grammy Awards | February 27, 2002 | Album of the Year | Alison Krauss Union Station Tim Blake Nelson Chris Thomas King Emmylou Harris Gillian Welch Harley Allen John Hartford Norman Blake Pat Enright Hannah Peasall Leah Peasall Sarah Peasall Ralph Stanley Sam Bush Stuart Duncan The Cox Family The Fairfield Four The Whites T Bone Burnett Peter K. Kurland Mike Piersante Gavin Lurssen Jerry Douglas Barry Bales Ron Block Dan Tyminski Cheryl White Sharon White | Won | [48] |
| Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | T Bone Burnett Mike Piersante Peter F. Kurland | Won | |||
| Las Vegas Film Critics Society Awards | 2000 | Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Won | |
| Best Screenplay, Original | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |||
| Best Costume Design | Mary Zophres | Nominated | |||
| London Critics Circle Film Awards | 2001 | Film of the Year | O Brother Where Art Thou? | Nominated | |
| Screenwriter of the Year | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |||
| MTV Movie + TV Awards | June 2, 2001 | Best On-Screen Team (The Soggy Bottom Boys) | George Clooney Tim Blake Nelson John Turturro | Nominated | |
| Best Music Moment | "Man Of Constant Sorrow" | Nominated | |||
| Online Film Critics Society Awards | January 2, 2001 | Best Original Score | T Bone Burnett Carter Burwell | Nominated | |
| Best Cinematography | Roger Deakins | Nominated | |||
| Phoenix Film Critics Society Awards | 2001 | Best Original Score | T Bone Burnett Carter Burwell | Nominated | |
| Satellite Awards | January 14, 2001 | Best Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical | O Brother Where Art Thou? | Nominated | |
| Best Screenplay, Adapted | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |||
| Best Actor in a Motion Picture, Comedy or Musical | George Clooney | Nominated | |||
| Best Actor in a Supporting Role, Comedy or Musical | Tim Blake Nelson | Nominated | |||
| Best Actress in a Supporting Role, Comedy or Musical | Holly Hunter | Nominated | |||
| Science Fiction Fantasy Writers of America | 2002 | Best Script | Ethan Coen Joel Coen | Nominated | |
| Turkish Film Critics Association Awards | 2001 | Best Foreign Film | O Brother Where Art Thou? | Nominated |
Soggy Bottom Boys [edit]
The Soggy Bottom Boys are the fictional musical group that the main characters form to serve as accompaniment for the film. It has been suggested that the name is in homage to the Foggy Mountain Boys, a bluegrass band led by Lester Flatt and Earl Scruggs.[49] In the film, the songs credited to the band are lip-synched by the actors, except that Tim Blake Nelson does sing his own vocals on "In the Jailhouse Now".
The band's hit single is Dick Burnett's "Man of Constant Sorrow", a song that had enjoyed much success prior to the movie's release.[50] After the film's release, the fictitious band became so popular that the country and folk musicians who were dubbed into the film got together and performed the music from the film in a Down from the Mountain concert tour, which was filmed for TV and DVD.[12] This included Ralph Stanley, John Hartford, Alison Krauss, Emmylou Harris, Gillian Welch, Chris Sharp, Stun Seymour, Dan Tyminski and others.
Notes [edit]
- ^ Co-distributed with Universal Pictures in Germany and Italy[4] and Warner Sogefilms in Spain.[4]
- ^ Co-distributed with Universal Pictures.[4]
- ^ Co-distributed with Buena Vista Pictures Distribution.[7]
References [edit]
- ^ a b c "O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". www.the-numbers.com. The Numbers. Retrieved October 19, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". American Film Institute. Archived from the original on December 20, 2014. Retrieved January 24, 2018.
- ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". British Film Institute. www.bfi.org. Retrieved October 17, 2018.
- ^ a b c d "Film #15267: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". Lumiere . Retrieved May 29, 2021.
- ^ Minns, Adam (May 10, 2000). "Momentum confirms Brother, Rocky acquisitions". Screen International . Retrieved October 8, 2021.
- ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". BBFC . Retrieved May 29, 2021.
- ^ a b c "O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". Box Office Mojo . Retrieved January 8, 2008.
- ^ a b "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". Festival de Cannes . Retrieved October 10, 2009.
- ^ a b "Box Office Data:O Brother Where Art Thou". The Numbers.com.
- ^ Gray, Richard J.; Robinson, Owen (April 15, 2008). A companion to the literature and culture of the American south . John Wiley & Sons. ISBN978-0470756690.
- ^ a b c Lafrance, J.D. (April 5, 2004). "The Coen Brothers FAQ" (PDF). pp. 33–35. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2007. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Menaker, Daniel (November 30, 2000). "A Film Score Odyssey Down a Quirky Country Road". The New York Times . Retrieved February 4, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Robertson, Barbara (May 1, 2006). "CGSociety — The Colorists". The Colorists: 3. Archived from the original on January 22, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2007. Filmed near locations in Canton, Mississippi; Vicksburg, Mississippi and Wardville, Louisiana.
- ^ a b "The 2002 Grammy Winners". San Francisco Chronicle. February 28, 2002. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
- ^ "Pioneering Bluegrass Musician Ralph Stanley". Fresh Air. December 27, 1992. NPR. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Flensted-Jensen, Pernille (2002), "Something old, something new, something borrowed: the Odyssey and O Brother, Where Art Thou", Classica Et Mediaevalia: Revue Danoise De Philologie, 53: 13–30, ISBN978-8772898537
- ^ "The real king of delta blues - Tommy Johnson". Erinharpe.com . Retrieved August 24, 2016.
- ^ "Blues Singers". University of Virginia. Retrieved August 24, 2016.
- ^ Sorin, Hillary (August 4, 2010), "Today in Texas History: Gov. Pappy O'Daniel resigns", The Houston Chronicle , retrieved August 2, 2011,
Many cultural and political historians think the character Gov. Menelaus "Pappy" O'Daniel of Mississippi is based on the notorious Texas politician, Wilbert Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel.
- ^ Conard, Mark T. (March 1, 2009). The Philosophy of the Coen Brothers. University of Kentycky Press. p. 58. ISBN978-0813138695.
- ^ Ciment, Michel; Niogret, Hubert (1998). The Logic of Soft Drugs . Positif. Positive. ISBN9781578068890.
- ^ Tim Blake Nelson Biography Yahoo! MoviesArchived June 28, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Molvar, Kari (March–April 2001). "Q&A: Tim Blake Nelson". Brown Alumni Magazine. Archived from the original on December 26, 2001. Retrieved December 26, 2001.
- ^ a b Romney, Jonathan (May 19, 2000). "Double Vision". The Guardian. London. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
- ^ Dirks, Tim. "Sullivan's Travels (1941)". AMC Filmsite . Retrieved November 8, 2007.
- ^ Hochman, Steve (December 22, 2000). "George Clooney: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 8, 2013.
- ^ a b c d Sharf, Zach (September 30, 2015). "The Coen Brothers and George Clooney Uncover the Magic of 'O Brother, Where Art Thou?' at 15th Anniversary Reunion". IndieWire . Retrieved November 19, 2015.
- ^ a b c Allen, Robert. "Digital Domain". The Digital Domain: A brief history of digital film mastering — a glance at the future. Archived from the original on February 4, 2012. Retrieved May 14, 2007.
- ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou: Box office / business". IMDb. Archived from the original on October 7, 2010. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
- ^ Fisher, Bob (October 2000). "Escaping from chains". American Cinematographer.
- ^ Crawford, Bill (October 11, 2013). Please Pass the Biscuits, Pappy: Pictures of Governor W. Lee "Pappy" O'Daniel. University of Texas Press. p. 19. ISBN978-0292757813.
- ^ "Pappy O'Daniel". Texas Treasures. Texas State Library. March 11, 2003. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- ^ a b Walker, Jesse (August 19, 2003). "Pass the Biscuits – We're living in Pappy O'Daniel's world". Reason . Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- ^ Boulard, Garry (February 4, 2002). "Following the Leaders". Gambit. p. 1. Retrieved September 9, 2018.
- ^ "River of Song: The Artists". Louisiana: Where Music is King. The Filmmakers Collaborative & The Smithsonian Institution. 1998. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- ^ a b "O Brother, why art thou so popular?". BBC News. February 28, 2002. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
- ^ Ridley, Jim (May 22, 2000). "Talking with Joel and Ethan Coen about 'O Brother, Where Art Thou?'". Nashville Scene . Retrieved February 14, 2012.
- ^ McClatchy, Debbie (June 27, 2000). "A Short History of Appalachian Traditional Music". Appalachian Traditional Music — A Short History . Retrieved November 8, 2007.
- ^ a b "Soggy Bottom Boys Hit the Top at 35th CMA Awards". November 7, 2001. Retrieved November 8, 2007.
- ^ Long, Roger J. (April 9, 2006). ""O Brother, Where Art Thou?" Home Page". Archived from the original on November 3, 2007. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
- ^ "Hot Country Songs: I Am A Man Of- Constant Sorrow". Billboard. Archived from the original on December 23, 2007. Retrieved November 2, 2007.
- ^ "O Kossoy Sisters, Where Art Thou Been?". Country Standard Time. January 2003. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
- ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". Rotten Tomatoes . Retrieved July 16, 2021.
- ^ "Reviews for O Brother, Where Art Thou? (2000)". Metacritic . Retrieved November 9, 2015.
- ^ Ebert, Roger (December 29, 2000). ""O Brother, Where Art Thou?" Review". The Chicago Sun Times . Retrieved February 14, 2012 – via Rogerebert.com.
- ^ "Browser Unsupported - Academy Awards Search | Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences". awardsdatabase.oscars.org . Retrieved July 10, 2021.
- ^ "O Brother, Where Art Thou?". www.goldenglobes.com . Retrieved July 10, 2021.
- ^ "T Bone Burnett". GRAMMY.com. November 19, 2019. Retrieved July 10, 2021.
- ^ Temple Kirby, Jack (November 5, 2009). Mockingbird Song: Ecological Landscapes of the South. UNC Press. p. 314. ISBN978-0807876602.
- ^ "Man of Constant Sorrow (trad./The Stanley Brothers/Bob Dylan)". Man of Constant Sorrow . Retrieved November 2, 2007.
External links [edit]
- O Brother, Where Art Thou? at IMDb
- O Brother, Where Art Thou? at AllMovie
- O Brother, Where Art Thou? at Box Office Mojo
- O Brother, Where Art Thou? at Rotten Tomatoes
- "Coenesque: The Films of the Coen Brothers". Archived from the original on November 19, 2003.
- "American Myth Today: O Brother, Where Art Thou?". Archived from the original on June 5, 2011. Retrieved October 20, 2009. American Studies at the University of Virginia
Oh Brother Where Art Thou Kkk Scene
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